Feed cost is high, but it occupies the big part of breeding, how to grasp the reasonable fine feed?

Bait is one of the main inputs we do aquaculture, bait accounts for 55% to 60% of the cost of intensive culture, about 40% of the cost of semi-intensive culture. Food management is one of the most important techniques for the success of shrimp farming.

According to the data, the feed of aquatic animals can be roughly divided into basic biological feed, fresh food compound feed and fermented feed.

1. Basic biological bait

It's the hydroponic algae or naturally occurring phytoplankton that we fertilize before we release the seedlings. This cultivation is good, can lay a solid foundation for our seedlings, this kind of food types are complex and diverse, comprehensive nutrition, in the initial stage of intensive or semi-intensive culture also has a role that can not be ignored.

2. Fresh food

This is a small animal feed that is artificially harvested in the case of insufficient basic food, such as small low-value bivalve shellfish (muscle clams, blue clams, duckbill clams, etc.), spiral snails, miscellaneous fish, sand silkworm, etc.

This kind of food is rich in nutrition, easy to digest and absorb, the most fond of food. Crustacean bait such as low-value shrimp, crabs and halogenated worms should be fed with caution due to the possibility of carrying viruses. If fed, they should be disinfected or cured.

The chilled food can be sterilized by soaking 30g/ m3 of povidone iodine containing 1% effective iodine for 15 minutes.

3. Compound feed

It's the pellet feed that we buy, which is the biggest cost that we take up in farming. Compound feed is based on the nutritional needs of aquatic animal growth and development and the nutritional composition of raw materials, reasonable proportion and scientific processing of feed.

The main nutrients of compound feed include protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamin, inorganic salt and so on.

Different kinds of farmed animals have different requirements for nutrients (especially protein content), and the same aquatic product has different requirements for nutrients at different growth stages.

According to different breeding objects and different growth and development stages, the compound feed has different nutrient ratios and different sizes of particles (Table 3?3~ Table 3?5).

High quality compound feed: the particle size is consistent, the surface is smooth, no obvious cracks, the incision is smooth, no impurities, no mildew, has normal fishy smell and cake flavor, good attraction;

Stable in water for more than 2 hours, not easy to break, not easy to dissolve. The conventional indicators of compound feed should meet the standards promulgated by the state or industry.

Table 3?3 Nutrient index of compound feed of Penaeus white shrimp Unit :%

Table 3?4 Nutrient index of compound feed of Penaeus punctatus Unit :%

Table 3?5 Specifications and classification of prawns compound feed products

However, when the compound feed is processed, due to improper methods, it often results in nutritional loss, such as the anti-trypsin substances contained in the bean feed, which will affect the digestion and absorption of protein.

However, after heat treatment, trypsin can be invalidated, thus improving the utilization rate of protein. The finer the grain is ground, the higher the digestibility, but too fine will reduce palatability.

Therefore, according to the caliber of aquatic animals, the crushed raw material feed should be processed into a suitable particle size of pellet feed to feed aquatic animals, which can improve the utilization rate of feed by about 15%. Therefore, we should pay special attention to the above problems when choosing compound feed.

At the same time, the key factors affecting the quality of compound feed are: whether the particle size is fine enough, whether the weighing is accurate, whether the mixing is uniform, and whether the impurity is completely removed; Whether the temperature and pressure of steam dispatching are appropriate, whether the granulation is pressed, whether the particle size is appropriate, and whether the curing temperature and time are scientific.

4. Fermented feed

Fermented feed has been used in the culture of Penaeus alba. Fermentation strains have acid bacteria, yeast, etc., the practice is to mix feed raw materials into the fermentation strains after sealed fermentation, using a soft pellet machine to squeeze and press the particles after feeding.

After the introduction of various bait, the following goes on to say when the bait is used, and 90% of the success is achieved with the right time, which must be paid attention to.

First of all, we must first release seedlings, small size shrimp seedlings into the pool for half a month, mainly to the basic bait organisms in the pool water as bait, supplemented by shrimp slices, egg soup, cooked freshwater surimi and so on.

After half a month, the shrimp seedlings grow up, and the resistance is strong, you can completely feed the shrimp with bait. Is the compound feed we introduced above, if the body length of 2~3cm large size shrimp seedlings can be directly fed with bait, feeding amount can refer to Table 3?7, feeding 3~4 times a day.

Table 3?7 Daily feeding amount of compound feed for Penaeus vannamei

At the same time, according to the water quality, a small number of snails and freshwater small fish can be fed, and the use of seafood ice bait is prohibited - because it is easy to introduce viral bacteria infection.

In order to improve immunity and anti-stress ability, you can add a variety of proteinase based on the latest research and development of Zhengzhou Puwei Biotechnology in the bait feed, each bottle of 40 pounds of mix, use throughout the day; If you use 1 kg of material for a long time add 1 gram.